The PSR Pulse Index
Australian PSR outcomes, in numbers
Aggregate statistics computed from published Professional Services Review outcomes in the PSR Pulse database. Every figure below derives from a published case with a clickable citation to the official source — nothing is estimated, modelled or extrapolated.
Coverage: 16 Sept 2021 to 1 Mar 2026 · 181 MBS items tracked across 14 specialties. Published cases only; PSR does not publish every outcome.
Repayments by financial year
Australian financial years (July–June), dated by agreement effective date where published. Undated cases count in the totals above but not this series.
View as table
| Financial year | Published cases | Total repayments |
|---|---|---|
| FY2021–22 | 6 | $1,685,000 |
| FY2022–23 | 8 | $1,626,792 |
| FY2023–24 | 21 | $8,412,218 |
| FY2024–25 | 22 | $5,118,500 |
| FY2025–26 | 28 | $11,167,492 |
Repayments by specialty
Top ten specialties by total published repayments. Specialty is taken from the published PSR material.
View as table
| Specialty | Cases | Total repayments | Median repayment |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Practice | 35 | $9,025,160 | $210,000 |
| Not stated | 19 | $5,389,492 | $288,492 |
| diagnostic radiology | 1 | $3,600,000 | $3,600,000 |
| Dermatology | 1 | $1,946,352 | $1,946,352 |
| Radiology | 6 | $1,742,000 | $195,000 |
| Neurology | 3 | $1,582,000 | $42,000 |
| Other | 3 | $902,171 | $225,000 |
| Dentistry | 1 | $700,000 | $700,000 |
| Chiropractic | 3 | $690,000 | $325,000 |
| Cardiology | 3 | $630,000 | $250,000 |
Most-flagged MBS items
Items appearing most often in published PSR cases. An item appearing here reflects review activity, not that the item is unsafe to bill.
View as table
| MBS item | Published cases |
|---|---|
| Item 721 | 27 |
| Item 723 | 27 |
| Item 36 | 23 |
| Item 732 | 19 |
| Item 23 | 16 |
| Item 91891 | 14 |
| Item 2713 | 12 |
| Item 92024 | 11 |
| Item 44 | 9 |
| Item 5020 | 9 |
| Item 92025 | 9 |
| Item 5040 | 8 |
Methodology
The PSR Pulse database is built from the Professional Services Review's published Director's Updates and case outcome pages, including archived copies of pages PSR has since removed. Every published case passes a verification framework — citation present, source URL live, excerpts verbatim-matched against the source, dollar figures matched — before it appears on this site, and cases that cannot be attributed to a public source are unpublished. Figures on this page are recomputed from that verified set. Read more on the press & methodology page, or explore the underlying case database.
This educational module is based on publicly available PSR case-outcome material. It is general educational information only and does not constitute legal advice, billing advice, or a substitute for reviewing the MBS, PSR material, or obtaining professional advice.
Get the analysis behind the numbers
Case analyses, monthly PSR intelligence and item-level scrutiny trends — free, by email.